I believe the answer is the second option.
The modern development of today's world would have first made the routes safer. Today we have the safety of common things such as police officers, hospitals, e.t.c. Transportation of goods would have been easier, and it would have been easier to carry larger amounts of goods at one time.
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Napoleon lll became an emperor of France from 1852 to 1870.
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The Catholic Church strongly opposed the spreading of the heliocentric theory because it meant that the holy book of Christianity, the Bible, was wrong, and that what they were propagating for centuries that the Earth was the center of the universe and that everything circles around our planet was a lie. This was going to make a big damage on the credibility of the church and the skepticism towards it would have grown more and more. The church, considering it had the power, was using all measures possible to stop this, so lots of scientists found themselves imprisoned, hanged, burned alive, killed brutally...
B) Radical Republicans thought Johnson was too harsh toward the South.
Johnson's refusal to support the legislation that had united the Republican majority in Congress proved fatal to his program, for it had driven the moderates into the Radical camp. ... By passing the Civil Rights Bill, the Republicans had shown their commitment to civil rights for blacks.