Clean coal is coal that is burned with technology that decrases the amount of soot and sulfur dioxide emitted.
Like the rest of Europe, Portugal is a Catholic country. Portugal discerns that the Morrish rule as something to be crusaded against, Muslim rulers in Africa was seen as a disgrace, an unbeliever, an idolater. Islam rulers controlled trade routes from India to Europe, so that it is the additional reason why Portugal oppose the Morrish rule. Northern African Muslim served as a religious threat.
It would be parliamentary democracy
The first country to feel the effects of George W. Bush's approach to foreign affairs was Afghanistan. George W. Bush's strategy of preemption occurred distinctly in Iraq during the 2003 invasion, however, the Bush Administration also led the invasion into Afghanistan first. Therefore, depending on whether that effort could be considered preemption or responding to 9/11 it is either Afghanistan or Iraq.