Hibernation- a period of time where animals sleep after storing up food.
hormone- a substance secreted from the brain that controls many things in the body including emotion, physical health, and adrenaline.
behavior- how one acts based off experience and emotion.
stimulus- anything that provokes a reaction.
Answer:
Chinese classical novel Four Great Classical Novels, referred to as Four Great Classical Novels for short, refers to four masterpieces, namely Water Margin, Romance of Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions (in the order of completion).
Explanation:
Four Great Classical Novels is a classic work in the history of Chinese literature and a valuable cultural heritage in the world. The status of these four masterpieces in the history of Chinese literature is indistinguishable. They all have extremely high literary level and artistic achievements. Their meticulous depiction and profound thoughts are praised by readers of all ages. The stories, scenes and characters have deeply influenced the Chinese people's ideas and values. It can be described as four great monuments in the history of Chinese literature.
Answer:Objective: To determine the combined effect of oxygen level and glucose concentration on cell viability, ATP production, and matrix synthesis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc cells.
Design: TMJ disc cells were isolated from pigs aged 6-8 months and cultured in a monolayer. Cell cultures were preconditioned for 48 h with 0, 1.5, 5, or 25 mM glucose DMEM under 1%, 5%, 10%, or 21% O2 level, respectively. The cell viability was measured using the WST-1 assay. ATP production was determined using the Luciferin-Luciferase assay. Collagen and proteoglycan synthesis were determined by measuring the incorporation of [2, 3-(3)H] proline and [(35)S] sulfate into the cells, respectively.
Results: TMJ disc cell viability significantly decreased (P < 0.0001) without glucose. With glucose present, decreased oxygen levels significantly increased viability (P < 0.0001), while a decrease in glucose concentration significantly decreased viability (P < 0.0001). With glucose present, decreasing oxygen levels significantly reduced ATP production (P < 0.0001) and matrix synthesis (P < 0.0001). A decreased glucose concentration significantly decreased collagen synthesis (P < 0.0001). The interaction between glucose and oxygen was significant in regards to cell viability (P < 0.0001), ATP production (P = 0.00015), and collagen (P = 0.0002) and proteoglycan synthesis (P < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Although both glucose and oxygen are important, glucose is the limiting nutrient for TMJ disc cell survival. At low oxygen levels, the production of ATP, collagen, and proteoglycan are severely inhibited. These results suggest that steeper nutrient gradients may exist in the TMJ disc and it may be vulnerable to pathological events that impede nutrient supply.
Explanation: The evaluations a Mainly in the oganic responses
false
Explanation:
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