Charles V was known for being a ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. He wanted to unify and create a huge empire but was thwarted because of the Protestant reformation. So he abdicated and gave them throne to his son Phillip.
The answer is by rejecting papal authority over the community of believers.
Martin Luther wrote his 95 theses criticizing the Catholic Church and their practices. One of the biggest complaints he had was the church's use of indulgences. This is when an individual could pay the church in order to be forgiven for their sins. This is why he rejected the authority of the pope over the citizens, as he believed the corruption within the church was unethical.
The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to grant territories to Belgium, Czechoslovakia and Poland and to give up all of its colonies. It forced Germany to reduce its military forces to 100,000 men and allowed for the occupation of the Rhineland by the Allied forces. Germany was forced to accept full responsibility for initiating World War I. France demanded huge reparation payments. The defeated powers felt the Treaty was unfair and soon violated the military and financial conditions. When Hitler came into power, he promised to take back the German territories and to demilitarize the Rhineland. The promise of becoming a world power again made the people support him. On September 1, 1939 Hitler invaded Poland. France and Britain declared war on Germany two days later. This was the beginning of World War II.
The judicial branch of the U.S. government is the system of federal courts and judges that interprets laws made by the legislative branch and enforced by the executive branch. At the top of the judicial branch are the nine justices of the Supreme Court, the highest court in the United States.
Federal courts enjoy the sole power to interpret the law, determine the constitutionality of the law, and apply it to individual cases. The courts, like Congress, can compel the production of evidence and testimony through the use of a subpoena.
B. The new middle class had leisure time and extra money
