The correct answer is "reefs".
Shallow-marine environments are considered to be an area among the shore and deeper water, along with a reef wall or a shelf break. This surroundings is characterized by means of oceanic, geological and organic conditions, as described underneath.
The theory of evolution proposed that a series of catastrophes or mass extinctions followed by repopulation could explain why species change over time
Answer: map
Explanation: I say its map because a map represents the entire earth