Synonym for refract could be bend,swing arch or something similar to those words.
Answer:
"Spain" decided to gamble on Christopher Columbus new and radical route to the east by sailing west
Explanation:
The kingdom of Spain had decided to gamble on the long sail which will move across the unknown ocean. They did to get back the gold as well as spices, they have also been promised the Columbus that they will 10% of the profit, along with the governorship over the newfound lands. and they have also famed that it would go with the new title Admiral of the Ocean sea.
could be wrong but i believe the answer is the theories of Social Darwinism were often used to justify the efforts of certain political, social, or economic views.
No. They fought alongside each other.