Civil War > Roaring Twenties > Great Depression > Reconstruction
As an ideology, conservatism, like liberalism, was a modern product, the reaction to the French Revolution. It consisted of two aspects: as a political program, and as an ideology/intellectual thought. As a political program, it was decided at the series of congresses held at Vienna to deal with post-Napoleonic France and redraw the boundaries of Europe which had been changed by the French Revolution and Napoleon. At these congresses, the Concert of Europe (Quadruple Alliance, 1815) of Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia, started 1) the “balance of power” politics in Europe and 2) policed smaller European states.
Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia were the coalition that defeated Napoleon. Although they differed greatly, Britain being a constitutional monarchy and seat of liberalism, while the others were all conservative monarchies, they shared the common goal of preventing another revolution in Europe through the conservation of traditional social and political order that had been disrupted by the French Revolution. This especially catered to the interests of Austria, Prussia and Russia, which all freshly acquired new territories after redrawing the boundaries of European states, and did not want a popular uprising to topple their rule from the people they subjugated.
In all of the four river valley civilizations, religion was one of the biggest contributors to shaping each and every civilization. Religious leaders would play a very big role in all of the river valley civilizations. In China, people gained their governing rights by a mandate of heaven creating very long lines of dynasties until the common people of China decided that the dynasty had lost the favor of the Gods. But, in the Indus River Valley, the <span>priests were referred as the head officials who had different amounts of authority</span>. In Egypt, the pharaoh was seen as a God to the people and was then given his right as the supreme ruler in the eyes of the people. Though in Sumer, t<span>he kingdoms were organized into city-</span>states and the different Kings ruled each city-states<span> for their gods. The kings were assisted by priests, nobles</span><span>, and scribed. But before the kings came, the</span><span> priests were the one who would rule over all of Sumer.</span>
Albert Einstein warned about the dangers of the Atomic Bomb <span />
