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krek1111 [17]
3 years ago
11

Let {u1,u2,u3} be an orthonormal basis for an inner product space V. If

Mathematics
1 answer:
dybincka [34]3 years ago
7 0

• ||<em>v</em>|| = 42, which is to say

||<em>v</em>||² = 〈<em>v</em>, <em>v </em>〉

…  = 〈<em>a</em> <em>u</em>₁ + <em>b</em> <em>u</em>₂ + <em>c</em> <em>u</em>₃, <em>a</em> <em>u</em>₁ + <em>b</em> <em>u</em>₂ + <em>c</em> <em>u</em>₃〉

… = <em>a</em> ² 〈<em>u</em>₁, <em>u</em>₁〉 + <em>b</em> ² 〈<em>u</em>₂, <em>u</em>₂〉 + <em>c</em> ² 〈<em>u</em>₃, <em>u</em>₃〉 + 2(<em>ab</em> 〈<em>u</em>₁, <em>u</em>₂〉 + <em>ac</em> 〈<em>u</em>₁, <em>u</em>₃〉 + <em>bc</em> 〈<em>u</em>₂, <em>u</em>₃〉)

… = <em>a</em> ² ||<em>u</em>₁||² + <em>b</em> ² ||<em>u</em>₂||² + <em>c</em> ² ||<em>u</em>₃||²

[since each vector in the basis for <em>V</em> is orthogonal to any other vector in the basis, and 〈<em>x</em>, <em>x</em>〉 = ||<em>x</em>||² for any vector <em>x </em>]

42² = <em>a</em> ² + <em>b</em> ² + <em>c</em> ²

[since each vector in the basis has unit length]

42 = √(<em>a</em> ² + <em>b</em> ² + <em>c</em> ²)

• <em>v</em> is orthogonal to <em>u</em>₃, so 〈<em>v</em>, <em>u</em>₃〉 = 0. Expanding <em>v</em> gives the relation

〈<em>v</em>, <em>u</em>₃〉 = 〈<em>a</em> <em>u</em>₁ + <em>b</em> <em>u</em>₂ + <em>c</em> <em>u</em>₃, <em>u</em>₃〉

… = <em>a</em> 〈<em>u</em>₁, <em>u</em>₃〉 + <em>b</em> 〈<em>u</em>₂, <em>u</em>₃〉 + <em>c</em> 〈<em>u</em>₃, <em>u</em>₃〉

… = <em>c</em> ||<em>u</em>₃||²

… = <em>c</em>

which gives <em>c</em> = 0, and so

42 = √(<em>a</em> ² + <em>b</em> ²)

• Lastly, 〈<em>v</em>, <em>u</em>₂〉 = -42, which means

〈<em>v</em>, <em>u</em>₂〉 = 〈<em>a</em> <em>u</em>₁ + <em>b</em> <em>u</em>₂ + <em>c</em> <em>u</em>₃, <em>u</em>₂〉

… = <em>a</em> 〈<em>u</em>₁, <em>u</em>₂〉 + <em>b</em> 〈<em>u</em>₂, <em>u</em>₂〉 + <em>c</em> 〈<em>u</em>₃, <em>u</em>₂〉

… = <em>b </em>||<em>u</em>₂||²

… = <em>b</em>

so that <em>b</em> = -42. Then

42 = √(<em>a</em> ² + (-42)²)   →   <em>a</em> = 0

So we have <em>a</em> = 0, <em>b</em> = -42, and <em>c</em> = 0.

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