Transcendentalism was a philosophical movement that held its ground in America for a good half a century. As the believers of this movement were against organised religion and believed that knowledge can be gained with the power of contemplating about the spirit and soul. The transcendentalists were against all kinds of social evils and unjust attitudes that prevailed in the American society at that time. Similarly the problem of slavery and woman emancipation for example greatly irked them. Because transcendentalism found its place only in literature and became a literary movement, the followers of this movement could not really solve the problems but they did voice them in their work, hoping it will open people's eyes.
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While they're closely related concepts, morals refer mainly to guiding principles, and ethics refer to specific rules and actions, or behaviors. A moral precept is an idea or opinion that's driven by a desire to be good. An ethical code is a set of rules that defines allowable actions or correct behavior.
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I believe the right answer is D) an adverb
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