The federal government pulled out the troops in the south during the Reconstruction, leaving the African Americans unprotected.
The federal government was too weak, and couldn't enforce their laws. They had borrowed money for the Revolutionary War and couldn't pay their debt. They also lacked the power to tax.
Therefore, the answer would be the first one.
Answer: Homo Erectus
Explanation:
Homo Erectus developed into Homo Sapiens.