Answer:
Family and Friendship
Family and friendship are both important themes for Bruno, as he struggles to determine what role he plays in his household, and how to approach his friendship with Shmuel. Bruno has not been indoctrinated with a hatred for Jews, despite the fact that his father is high-ranking Nazi officer, but his parents do stress that he is not allowed to go near the fence, and his father refers to the people in the “striped pajamas” as “not really people at all.” Bruno then feels a tension between what his family has told him about staying away from the fence, and the bond he feels with Shmuel, the skinny boy on the other side of the fence. Though Bruno knows very little about why Shmuel is in the camp or why he is not supposed to talk to him, Bruno ultimately allows his friendship to supersede his obedience to his parents and Gretel.
While Bruno feels respect for his Mother and Father, he understands that all is not well in the family dynamic. Mother is very unhappy when they move away from Berlin, and Father becomes even more secretive and commanding around the household. Bruno is horrified when Pavel, an old man who seems to live in the camp at night but do work in the household during the day, is harshly reprimanded for spilling wine. Pavel was once very kind to Bruno when he fell off a swing, bandaging Bruno’s knee and telling Bruno that he used to be a doctor. Bruno is thus torn between his positive experiences with the prisoners as very kind but sad people, and his parents’ descriptions of them as subhuman, and somehow the “opposite” of Bruno. This tension ultimately serves as an allegory for the pseudoscience and indoctrination spread by the Nazi Party during World War II, claiming the Germans to be greater than all other nationalities, particularly in respect to the “Jewish problem” in Europe. At the end of the story, with his head shaven, Bruno can find very few differences between himself and his new best friend. Despite Father’s exalted rank within the German army, his son dies the same death as the people he puts into the concentration camp. Thus the book’s “moral” ultimately declares that despite differences of nationality, race, gender, or religion, at a basic level we all desire compassion and companionship, and deserve the same level of dignity and human rights.
"Bruno was sure that he had never seen a skinnier or sadder boy in his life but decided that he had better talk to him."
"Shmuel looked very sad when he told this story and Bruno didn’t know why; it didn’t seem like such a terrible thing to him, and after all much the same thing had happened to him."
"Bruno tried to return to his book, but he’d lost interest in it for now and stared out at the rain instead and wondered whether Shmuel, wherever he was, was thinking about him too and missing their conversations as much as he was."
Explanation from: litcharts
I do not have the page numbers for the quotes sorry.
