The American party
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The idea of manifest destiny greatly helped shape the U.S. governments's policies of land acquisition, since this held that the US was "destined" to expand from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific--meaning that the US embarked on a series of wars with Mexico and confrontations with Natives that helped the settlers move west.
The answer is C. The atmosphere is essentially the surroundings of anything. In the case of the earth, however, it is gasses.
Unlike the British, the French were not interested in taking over Native American Island. Instead, they were interested mainly in trading furs.
