C. That all participating individuals and groups depend on one and other
It is probably because Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, and Libyan, people back in the day migrated to Italy for better opportunities. And so they most likely spread the language and culture throughout Italy.
Answer:
C. when the deviant label is applied later in life
Explanation:
When the deviant label is applied later in life, is the circumstance that a deviant label leads from primary to secondary deviance.
Answer:
A. The words "good dog"
Explanation:
In this case, we know that the primary reinforcer is the treat. The dog is gaining an immediate reward for doing what you wanted it to do. But even after it, you also praise the dog. This praise is the secondary reinforcement. The secondary reinforcement will allow the trainer to deliver reinforcement even if the dog is not hungry, which might cause problems if you only use the primary reinforcement.