Profession of Faith (shahada). The belief that "There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God" is central to Islam. This phrase, written in Arabic, is often prominently featured in architecture and a range of objects, including the Qur'an, Islam's holy book of divine revelations. One becomes a Muslim by reciting this phrase with conviction.
Prayer (salat). Muslims pray facing Mecca five times a day: at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and after dark. Prayer includes a recitation of the opening chapter (sura) of the Qur'an, and is sometimes performed on a small rug or mat used expressly for this purpose (see image 24). Muslims can pray individually at any location (fig. 1) or together in a mosque, where a leader in prayer (imam) guides the congregation. Men gather in the mosque for the noonday prayer on Friday; women are welcome but not obliged to participate. After the prayer, a sermon focuses on a passage from the Qur'an, followed by prayers by the imam and a discussion of a particular religious topic.
Alms (zakat). In accordance with Islamic law, Muslims donate a fixed portion of their income to community members in need. Many rulers and wealthy Muslims build mosques, drinking fountains, hospitals, schools, and other institutions both as a religious duty and to secure the blessings associated with charity.
Fasting (sawm). During the daylight hours of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, all healthy adult Muslims are required to abstain from food and drink. Through this temporary deprivation, they renew their awareness of and gratitude for everything God has provided in their lives—including the Qur'an, which was first revealed during this month. During Ramadan they share the hunger and thirst of the needy as a reminder of the religious duty to help those less fortunate.
The Suffolk Resolves was a declaration that was made on 9 September 1774. The leaders of the Suffolk County Massachusetts were unhappy with the Massachusetts Government act and decided to boycott all imported goods from Britain. These Resolves are seen as a major development in the American settlers unhappiness to colonial rule. This unhappiness ultimately resulted in the development and adoption of the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration Of Independence stated that the thirteen states making up the USA considered themselves independent of Great Britain and were at war with Great Britain.
Gideon v Wainwright guaranteed that all defendants are entitled to an attorney, regardless of the severity of the charge. You can waive this right if you do wish, but all people can have one, either your own private lawyer, or a court-appointed one.
A firestorm of protests and gave the antiwar movement a new rallying point. College students across the nation intensified their antiwar protests with marches, rallies, and scattered incidents of violence. About 400 schools were affected by strikes and more than 200 colleges and universities closed completely.
1.) Most successful proprietary colony - Pennsylvania
2.) Society of Friends - Quakers
3.) Founded Pennsylvania - William Penn
4.) Capital - Philadelphia
