We cant see the picture sorry
World maps do have changed during the centuries because we grew in knowledge and technology, but the maps have also been shaped by differences in culture, religion, experience, and geography and also because of different natural disaster
He allowed those who wanted to surrender to leave.
Also, he had his white flag out meaning he won't kill those who left. If it was red, it meant if captured or surrendered he would kill them.
Mountains are cooler than valleys cause of height, then oceans cool nearby land when it's warmer
