I'm not fully understanding your question could you please reword and retype it.
Answer:
D. many nations wanted to gain economic independence
Answer: c. Tempest
Explanation:
Tempest (Telecommunications Electronics Materials Protected from Emanating Spurious Transmissions) is a branch of the US National Security Agency. The function of this organization is to protect against spying on information systems. The methods they use are for transmitting emanations, including unintentional radio or electrical signals, sounds, and vibrations.
Answer: Justification of effort
Explanation:
Justification of effort is a phenomenon whereby people view a goal or endpoint as beneficial and more favorable, if they worked hard or put more effort into achieving it. Justification of effort makes the goal to appear more attractive, worthwhile and justifies the effort put into accomplishing the goal. Effort justification helps in increasing attraction and commitment to a goal, group cohesion and stability are enhanced, effort justification is likely to increase persistence at tasks that are not altogether pleasant, especially when such tasks are seen as chosen.
