he was an enemy of the king
The supreme court tends to check congress more than the president because congress passes laws, which change the way the courts work in this country, so the supreme court is a major stake holder in what gets passed through acts of congress. Most of the time, a president is checked by the court through a bill they've thrown serious political muscle behind and gotten passed through congress. Great examples of the supreme court striking down presidentially endorsed acts of congress is the court striking down the Agricultural Adjustment Administration and the national Recovery Administration that FDR pushed for as part of the New Deal. This also nearly happened in recent times with Obamacare, where several components of the bill narrowly avoided being struck down by the supreme court. The supreme court can also check executive orders. The supreme court also struck down some elements of President Trump's muslim ban in the last month.
The answer would be Logos. This is a kind of appeal to reason or logic. When using this kind of appeal, it uses facts and evidence to persuade a the listener of the strength of your argument. This is different from pathos, which is an appeal to the emotions, whereas, ethos, from its word, uses ethics or credibility of the person making the argument.
I believe the answer is A. He developed the idea of the "invisible hand" of the free market, which continually keeps the economy on course. This can be found in his book "<span>The Wealth of Nations".
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Hope this Helps! :)