Answer: Formal
This excerpt is an example of formal writing. There are several ways in which we can identify this characteristic. The excerpt discusses an academic topic, which is a literary analysis of Emerson's writing. Moreover, the sample uses formal words, such as "stress" and "pre-eminent."
Lugubrious is they strongest and they weakest is dreary.
You wrote the same sentence twice, so I'm not sure if there are more than two options. Nevertheless, the sentence which contains a verbal phrase acting as a modifier is the second one - <span>Giving a presentation in front of my class, I suddenly developed severe stage fright.
Here, the verbal phrase <em>giving a presentation in front of my class </em>is used as a modifier, an adverbial modifier stating the reason why this person developed stage fright. On the other hand, in the first sentence, <em>passing my driving test on the first attempt </em>is not used as a modifier, but rather as the subject of this sentence.
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The correct answers are: “He is rather self-righteous” and “He considers himself to be a role model to others”. Taken from the “<em>The Tenth Story</em>” within the book “<em>The Decameron</em>” by Giovanni Boccaccio (1353), the speech presented in the excerpt above narrates the moment when Gualtieri explains the purpose of his tormenting Griselda all the previous years. Gualtieri reveals that he did all that in order to show her “<em>how to be a wife</em>” and to teach people “<em>how to choose a keep a wife</em>”, since <u>he considered himself to be </u><u>a role model</u>. The speech also describes Gualtieri’s personality, since he was too proud of his own moral behaviour and beliefs, in a way that annoyed other people. In fact, it is mentioned in the excerpt above that people despised his behaviour (“<em>and for those who considered me a cruel and bestial tyrant</em>”). This is why <u>one could describe him as </u><u>a self-righteous person</u>.