The advances in public and private transportation were one of the key factors of the American urbanization in the first half of the 19th century. Wave of immigrants enter the country which paved way to the rapid increase of factory industries because of the huge labor force they provide.
Ichnology is the study of the trace fossils. Trace fossils are evidences that are left by the organisms and examples would include burrows, coprolites, imprints and footprints.Hope these are the answers and would then be of help in this assignment.
Answer:
The albedo temperature for Mars and Venus are 210K and 184 K respectively.Mars albedo temperature is closer to its black body temperature such that the Venus has more albedo.Thus there is a chance that Mars would have had life in their history.
Explanation:
The albedo temperature is given as
![Te =\left [\dfrac{L(1-a)}{ (16\pi \sigma D^2}\right]^{1/4}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Te%20%3D%5Cleft%20%5B%5Cdfrac%7BL%281-a%29%7D%7B%20%2816%5Cpi%20%5Csigma%20D%5E2%7D%5Cright%5D%5E%7B1%2F4%7D)
Here
L = Solar luminosity = 3.846*1026 W m-2 K-4
D = distance from Sun
σ = the Stefan-Boltzman constant = 5.6704 * 10-8 W
a is the albedo constant whose value for Mars is 0.250 while for Venus it is 0.900
So the albedo temperature is given as
Venus: 184 K
Mars: 210 K
The black body temperature is given as
![Te =\left [\dfrac{L}{ (16\pi \sigma D^2}\right]^{1/4}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Te%20%3D%5Cleft%20%5B%5Cdfrac%7BL%7D%7B%20%2816%5Cpi%20%5Csigma%20D%5E2%7D%5Cright%5D%5E%7B1%2F4%7D)
By substitution of the values, the black body temperature for Venus and Mars are as
Venus: 327 K
Mars: 225 K
Mars albedo temperature is closer to its black body temperature such that the Venus has more albedo.
Thus there is a chance that Mars would have had life in their history.
Physical and cultural...............
Is there a photo? I can’t really answer without a photo or anything..?