evaporation is when a mass of water is hit by sunlight and some of it turns to a vapor. In the atmosphere, that vapor cools and the water molecules fuse with other water molecules, forming clouds. (condensation) When the clouds become full, the water precipitates onto land or into the ocean in the form of rain, sleet, snow or hail (precipitation).
Cinders are indeed the largest fragments erupted from a volcano.
Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are collectively called aerosols
