In photosynthetic organisms, NADPH is produced by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in the last step of the electron chain of the light reactions of photosynthesis. It is used as reducing power for the biosynthetic reactions in the Calvin cycle to assimilate carbon dioxide.
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The heads (the phospho part) are polar while the tails (the lipid part) are non-polar.Its like a front and back type of location with those.
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The function of DNA is tied to its structure. ... The sugars and phosphates link the nucleotides together to form each strand of DNA. When two strands of DNA come together, base pairs form between the nucleotides of each strand. Nitrogenous bases pair together in the following way: A-T and C-G.
Eutrophication is a process that leads to enrichment of ponds, lakes and any water body with minerals such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Aquatic ecosystems are diverse and consists of phytoplanktons, zooplanktons, fish and other animals. Too much enrichment of the ecosystem adversely effects the flora and fauna of the aquatic bodies. Eutrophication leads to more uptake of oxygen and increases biological oxygen demand of water. With less oxygen available for animals inside the aquatic systems, they might began to die. Eutrophication is a result of human activities and must be minimized for the betterment of aquatic bodies and aquatic animals. Thus, eutrophication might lead to destroy the aquatic bodies over a period of time.
In the presence of cAMP, the R subunit is bound by four molecules of cAMP, allowing the catalytic subunits to dissociate, translocate to the nucleus, and then phosphorylate CREB. CREB then homodimerizes, binds to the CRE (cAMP response element) in the promoter of target genes, and activates transcription. Drugs could be designed that would interrupt signaling anywhere along the pathway. For example, a drug could stabilize the R and C subunit interactions of PKA and block translation into the nucleus. A drug could prevent interaction of cAMP with the R subunit and essentially lead to the same result. Similarly, a drug could have a more downstream action that might prevent phosphorylation of CREB, thus not allowing it to become activated. Another option would be to prevent the required dimerization of CREB, thus preventing its ability to bind DNA. Hope this helped ;)
