Progressive reformers targeted voting fraud.
Significant conversions also occurred beyond the extents of the empire such as that of the Turkic tribes in Central Asia and peoples living in regions south of the Sahara in Africathrough contact with Muslim traders active in the area and Sufi orders.
The reason behind closing of Ghettos was Typhus and typhoid fever (disease). Ghetto can be defined as a part of a city where minority people or groups used to live due to the result of social and economical pressure. The ghetto is often described as a part or specific society which is more financially weaker than other areas of the city.
Versions of the ghetto appear worldwide, each with its own name, classification, and group of people. The term ghettos was originally used for the Venetian Ghetto in Venice, Italy in 1516, to define the specific part of the city where Jews were not allowed to enter and live, thus they differentiate from other people and created their own place.
Political Machines were organizations that provided social services and jobs in exchange for votes.The political machines gathered votes in the late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century by promising social services and jobs in exchange for their votes. They promised to help immigrants that benefited the immigrants and as well as the politics because they helped them in exchange for their votes. Tactics used by political machines to secure votes were public rallies, newspapers and even bars playing a critical role. The political machines were run by a boss who in turn had precinct captains, ward captains and district captains underneath him. They all made sure that the poor had what they needed. They also made sure the poor voted for them
