Answer:
I know most of these as they have played a rather important part while I lived in Colombia. When South America was first colonized, people were divided because of the clashing cultures. It was a type of blood purity thing, kind of like Harry Potter.
A peninsular - a person born in Spain to Spanish parents that came over to South America.
Creoles- people born in South America but with 2 peninsular as parents.
Mestizos- (me, and most people in modern South America) were people born with one peninsular and a native or a creole.
Mulattoes- were people born of a peninsular and a person from Africa, who were usually there to work on the sugar cane plantations, these children were usually illegitimate.
In modern South America these distinctions are not as clear but are present, people "cleaner" (not my words, but a kind of slur) live in big cities while mulattoes and some mestizos live on the outskirts and the countryside.
Back in the day they were there to separate the population in order to stop alliances, it worked but was a cruel way to oppress people and eventually led to massive bloodshed.
I hope this helps!
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