1. Advanced Cities As farmers settled in the fertile river valley, they began to grow surplus or extra food. This extra food increased the population of the settlement that led to the formation of cities
2. Organized Central Government Definition: a government with rules and way of voting or control
3. Complex Religions Definition: a set of spiritual beliefs, values, and practices
4. Job Specialization Definition: specific jobs with requirements or specialties
5. Social Classes Definition: a broad group in society having common economic, cultural, or political status/ Distinguished from other groups by such things as wealth, property, and rights
6. Writing Definition: to trace or form (characters, letters, words, etc.) on the surface of some material, as with a pen, pencil, or other instrument
7. Art and Architecture Definition: the arts and artwork of a thing, place, time, person, etc.; human creations intended to express beauty and convey messages Architecture: the buildings and style or architecture of a thing, place, time, person, etc.
8. Public Works Definition: structures, as roads, dams, or post offices, paid for by government funds for public use.
After many years of conflict, the nation gained its independence on 11 November 1975, after the 1974 coup d'état in Lisbon, Portugal. Portugal's new leaders began a process of democratic change at home and acceptance of the independence of its former colonies.
Prior to the outbreak of the Civil War, the election of 1860 increased sectional tensions of the United States by lifting pro-union, anti-slavery statesman, Abraham Lincoln into the Presidency. In reaction, the Southern States protested in many ways, but in no more dramatic way than, one by one, seceding.
