Usually, genes are transferred by bacteriophages, viruses that precisely takeover bacteria cells. Phages inject their own genetic material into the host cell like tiny syringes, compelling it to produce new phages. Throughout this occurrence, genes from the bacterial genome can be combined into the newly made phages. Subsequently, they inject their newly altered genetic load into other bacteria. By this, bacteriophages serve as a transportation, taking up DNA from one bacterium and leaving it into another. Bacteria can also connect through tiny connection tubes wherein they exchange pieces of DNA. They can take up genetic material from the environment as well. There are actually three ways for bacteria to transfer genes. The first one is called Conjugation, which is the transfer of DNA straight from one cell to another through cell-cell contact. Secondly, bacteria are adept at taking up DNA right from their environment and combining it into their genomes.This process is known as natural Transformation. Lastly, Transduction, wherein DNA is transferred from one cell to another by a virus.
Relay Neurons are found between sensory input Anne motor output/response. Relay Neurons are found in the brain and spindle cord. They allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate. Motor Neurons are found in the central nerve system (CNS)
And control muscle movements
Answer:
Hagfish and Lamprey
Explanation:
Vertebrates are the organism which posses vertebral column or the spinal cord in their skeleton.
The earliest vertebrates had the cranial structures or head but they lacked the vertebral columns and the jaws. These earliest vertebrates lived around 500 to 600 million years ago.
The earliest vertebrates which lacked the vertebral columns and are still alive are the Hagfish and the sea lampreys. These are considered the earliest vertebrates as they lacked the jaws.
These jawless fish are the ancestors of the cartilaginous and bony fish which later developed into amphibians and other groups of animals.
Thus, Hagfish and Lamprey are the earliest vertebrates.
Answer:
I don't know what are the following term this is incomplete.
Explanation: