Answer:
See below for answers and explanations
Step-by-step explanation:
Top left: Since y can't be greater than 0 but is equal to 0, then the range is (-∞,0] and the domain is (-∞,∞) since there are no domain restrictions
Top right: Since both x and y have no restrictions, then the domain is (-∞,∞) and the range is (-∞,∞)
Bottom left: Since y cannot be less than 2 but equal to it, and x holds no domain restrictions, then the domain is (-∞,∞) and the range is [2,∞)
Bottom right: Since both x and y have no restrictions, then the domain is (-∞,∞) and the range is (-∞,∞)
The bottle of 100 would be lowest. $8.13 ÷ 100 lozenges = $0.08 per lozenge
The complete pattern is: 512, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, ( and extended ) 4, 2, 1!
I do this pattern in my head literally all the time!
Make a change of coordinates:


The Jacobian for this transformation is

and has a determinant of

Note that we need to use the Jacobian in the other direction; that is, we've computed

but we need the Jacobian determinant for the reverse transformation (from

to

. To do this, notice that

we need to take the reciprocal of the Jacobian above.
The integral then changes to
