One major colonial policy that had an important effect in this violent and non-violent (in some cases) transition was called apartheid. Apartheid was a system set in South Africa that was designed to demotivate black people from achieving anything and put white people in power.
Apartheid is specifically associated with South Africa - when there is a question mentioning this word, it's very likely that it's connected to this country. South Africa is also the correct answer here. Apartheid ended in 1994 and 1997 is the year when the new Constitution came into power.
