Answer: Yo soy optimista
I am optimistic
Explanation: The subject in this sentence is "Yo", that is a first-person in the singular, so the verb must be conjugated in this form. Yo soy.
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Answer : Nosotros ya hemos hecho un viaje al Carnaval en Brasil y planeamos hacer otro viaje para ir al Carnaval de Barranquilla.
Translation: We have already made a trip to the Carnival in Brazil and we plan to make another trip to go to the Carnival in Barranquilla.
Explanation: The correct tense in Spanish is the perfect preterite, because it is used to describe actions completed in the past that have an effect on the present or the future. According to the text read, we describe the Brazilian Carnival, because we already know it and we describe it in the present, because it is a recent past and the effect on the future is that we plan to make another trip in the future to another Carnival in Barranquilla. The perfect preterite in Spanish is formed with the auxiliary verb "haber" in present tense conjugated with the subject of the sentence and the participle of the main verb and is equivalent more or less to the present perfect in English.
In summary: Present Perfect English is equivalent more or less to "Pretérito perfecto compuesto" in Spanish.