The verbal phrase is Unlimited.
It would be a subordinate cause, for it can't stand on its own. Think about it: Since early this morning. What happened since early morning? Since it doesn't provide that information, it wouldn't be able to be an independent cause.
Also, I don't believe that the sentence is grammatically correct :)
Explanation:
She promised me that she won't let me down.
He fell sad about the swallow
Answer:
d. In the absence of a date of publication, write n.d. to indicate no date was provided.
Explanation:
When you need to use APA format, the procedure for citing inside of a text consists of including the author and the date of the information cited. To be clear, this implies including both the author's last name and the year of publication in the text to later place full reference in the final list of the document. If such year is not available, you should proceed as stated above.