Answer:
The charges inside and outside of the neuron before receiving a stimulus are negative and positive, respectively, which corresponds to the transmembrane rest potential.
Explanation:
Neuron is the specialized cell of the nervous system in charge of transmitting electrical impulses. The generation of a nerve impulse in the form of an electric current is due to a change in the transmembrane potential.
<u>Outside the neuron cell, electrical charges are predominantly positive, and the ion with the highest concentration is sodium. In the intracellular space, a great quantity of proteins provide negative charge, and there is a predominance of potassium ions</u>. Under these conditions, the ionic channels are closed.
For this reason, a neuron at rest, before receiving a stimulus, presents positive charges on the outside and negative charges on the inside, and the membrane potential in this condition is estimated at a value of -65 mV.
Once a stimulus is produced, the ionic channels open and Na+ ions enter the cytoplasm, exchanging them for K+, which implies a change in the membrane potential which, on reaching the threshold, produces an action potential and the nerve impulse is produced.
Explanation:
Incinerators are not helpful in reducing pollution as they produce a lot of ash and smoke so it increases the air pollution by burning of waste.
Solar and wind energy are the clean source of energies replacing the fuels. Catalytic converters reduce the air pollution from the exhaust fumes of vehicles.
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Answer:
is always a higher organism
Explanation:
lets take an example:
food chain consisting of zooplankton, small fish, big fish and man
as the order goes in the question ,the organism at the end of this food chain is man
