The correct answer is metaphor.
A metaphor is a rhetorical figure of speech where two or more things are symbolically compared, without using the words such as like or as (because that would be a simile). This whole poem is symbolical/metaphorical - it talks about the passage of time and how everything is transient and fleeting.
I think you should go with the last one. It's not biased and it's informative.
Is there any article to read or what is it about
The answer is A, I'm pretty sure. A had two ideas, and correct punctuation.
The 2 best answer you have are D and E you always need to have the name of the article and page number. for when the teacher reviews your work.