Answer:
Explanation:
These reactions occur within specialised membrane discs within the chloroplast called thylakoids and involve three steps:
Excitation of photosystems by light energy.
Production of ATP via an electron transport chain.
Reduction of NADP+ and the photolysis of water.
Answer:
a. is the energy required for molecules to react with each other
Explanation:
Activation energy may be defined as the extra energy required to start a reaction and the conversion of reactants into its products. It is the energy required to energize or activate molecules or atoms to undergo a transformation or a chemical reaction.
It is necessary for all types of chemical reaction to proceed. With the help of a catalyst the reaction rate increases as the energy of activation lower for the reaction to start.
Answer:
Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are among the few simple molecules that can cross the cell membrane by diffusion
Explanation:
Transport proteins generally perform two types of transport: “facilitated diffusion,” where a transport protein simply creates an opening for a substance to diffuse down its concentration gradient; and “active transport,” where the cell expends energy in order to move a substance against its concentration gradient
