Haha, there if there is no option, then it can't be answer
Answer:
Experience of getting responsibility, before sufficient maturity.
Explanation:
Jimmy Cross's character from 'The things they carried' - displays the immense effect untimely (early) responsibility has on people, when they are immature to manage it.
Example : He takes important responsibilities, like reserve officer training, but is uncertain regarding its many aspects. He feels very guilty when any of his men dies, & is unable to handle the trauma.
Answer: ethos, an appeal based on the speaker's credibility
Explanation: Franklin Delano Roosevelt was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. Roosevelt chooses that persuasion to provide the opportunity to convince the reader to adopt a particular viewpoint.