According to Dr. Martin Luther King, direct action does not hinder negotiation. Instead, he believed that non-violent direction action such as peaceful protests or sit-ins creates tension, so that negotiation will then become necessary.
I believe it was around June 1942 to August 1943, during World War II.
I am more hopeful in the future because i feel that are new president is going to turn things around and make things a lot better for everyone :)