The greenhouse effect is related to the increase in the average surface temperature which is considered "global warming". Global warming is the result of an increase in gases like methane, carbon dioxide, and other factors that lead to a rise in the planet's temperature.
According to the theory, the Earth's crust is made up of continental and oceanic plates, which move across the surface of the planet, meeting at plate boundaries. Plate tectonics cause volcanic activity, mountain-building, ocean trench formation and earthquakes.
Distribution of mineral deposits, all other options are related to its climate.