Taxonomy is the science of classifying living things. Carl Linnaeus was a Swedish scientist who's known as the father of taxonomy. The Linnaean classification system is still used as our basis for the classification of organisms today. However, we now understand that species are constantly changing and our classifications now reflect species based on genetic closeness, rather than appearances.
Not surprisingly, biologists also classify organisms into different categories mostly by judging degrees of apparent similarity and difference that they can see. The assumption is that the greater the degree of physical similarity, the closer the biological relationship.
On discovering an unknown organism, researchers begin their classification by looking for anatomical features that appear to have the same function as those found on other species. The next step is determining whether or not the similarities are due to an independent evolutionary development or to descent from a common ancestor. If the latter is the case, then the two species are probably closely related and should be classified into the same or near biological categories.
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