Large-scale MPAs are difficult in several respects, but due to the decline of the world oceans, initiatives of increased size, scope and scale are needed. The effective management of the ocean will require a mix of management tools, and large MPAs add features that cannot be addressed by other management measures.
<h2><em>Why is it sometimes hard to establish an MPA?</em></h2>
<em>Arguably, it is difficult to declare such an MPA successful, when <u>the human populations responsible for degradation have been removed</u>, and its mere establishment is rife with such political contention. Issues also arise when considering the resources needed to support a large-scale MPA.</em>
<u>Competition</u> describes an interaction in which two organisms that interact must use the same limited resources because they are competing for them.
End-diastolic volume is the amount of blood that is in the ventricles before the heart contracts. Doctors use end-diastolic volume to estimate the heart’s preload volume and to calculate stroke volume and ejection fraction. These different measurements indicate the health of a person’s heart.
