Programmers can maximize the reliability of their programs by means of functional analysis.
The form in which programmers can <em>maximize</em> the reliability of their programs in accordance with the awareness of the beneficial and harmful impact on society, economies and cultures is how well they did processes of functional analyses, in which they investigate on market and client needs and derive <em>functional</em> and <em>non-functional</em> parameters, which define the scope and characteristics of the program.
A good functional analysis has an influence of about 80 % on success of programs on fulfilling existing needs and solving existing problems with a <em>reasonable</em> efforts.
Explanation: Layer 4, is the transport layer of the Open System Interconnection (OSI), that handles message transfer of data between end systems or hosts and ensures complete packets transfer.