Hi there
Answer: The disease-fighting system uses these proteins to tell friendly cells from foreign (people or things who suddenly enter a place in an unwanted way). They are as (like nothing else in the world) as fingerprints. They play an important role in organ transplants.
Hoped I Helped
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:
Question: Innate immunity:
a) is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to a pathogen.
b) is the first and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens
c) is found only in vertebrates
d) depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to a pathogen
Answer:
b) is the first and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens
Explanation:
Innate immunity is the nonspecific immune response that provides immediate and the most general protection against all types of pathogens, parasites, toxins and cancer cells. Innate immune responses serve to prevent the pathogens from entering the body. The components of innate immunity also rapidly destroy those pathogens that have entered the body.
Some of the components of innate immunity are the first line of defense such as the physical and chemical barriers of the skin and mucous membranes. The components of the second line of defense such as natural killer cells, phagocytes and inflammatory response are also involved in innate immune responses.
For example, cuticle or skin serves as a physical barrier to pathogens that come in contact with an animal’s body. Phagocytosis kills the bacteria that invade the body.
Answer:
The frequency of the dominant A allele is 0,4 or 40%.
Explanation:
In this population, we have:
- "A" red body color Dominant
- "a" yellow doy color Recessive
So, individuals AA and Aa will be red and trouts aa will be yellow. In this case, 64% of the fish are red, so they are AA or Aa.
If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium the following will be true:
Where:
frequency of AA
frequency of Aa
frequency of aa
It is known that 64% of population is red, in other words:
Or AA+Aa=0,64
So, it is possible to find the value of 
(aa):
Now, there are two alleles in this population, therefore their frequencies will be:
So, from it is possible to find q and p:
And:
A soil sample from a temperate deciduous forest would be more nutrient rich that a sample from the tropical rain forest.
In the rain forest the tree tops form a canopy and the tops of trees absorb 90% of the sunlight and only 10% can get down to the understory which is the area under the canopy. The soil is very nutrient poor.
In a temperate deciduous forest there is no canopy so more sunlight can get to the soil. Which makes it more nutrient.
