To briefly compare both terms, geography refers to the study of the physical features of the earth as well as its inhabitants or the population; whereas, geology refers to the study of the structure of the earth, its development as well as its origin.
Loess is a darker more fertile soil. Sand is dry and unfit for farming
(present day) Jews and Christians (crusades) Christians
These were the Muslim minorities from the Balkans. This happened in the southeast of Europe during the 19th century. Due to discrimination and persecution, they were forced by the majority to flee their homelands. Specifically, this happened in 1912 during the Balkan Wars. They were shunned because of being part of the ethnic minorities.
