Answer:
March 17 represented a symbolic occasion for Irish people to reflect on their sense of self and look back with nostalgia at ancient Ireland. The figure of St Patrick driving snakes out of Ireland became a metaphor for the struggle against British rule.
The Mongols treated the non-muslim subjects most fairly, while the Ottomans treated them the least fairly.
The Mongols were religiously tolerant because they conquered and rule through manpower rather than religion. The Ottomans were the least fair to non-muslims. It is close between the Umayyads and the Ottomans, but the only difference is the amount of discrimination (per se) held against non-muslims. While the Umayyads only had the jizya (tax paid if you were non-muslim), the Ottomans had distinctive restrictions on non-muslims. They had dress codes according to their religion and could only reside in neighborhoods who's residents were of the same religion (under the Ottomans).
Social class determined the kind of monastic life available to someone in the middle ages.
Prayer, reading, and manual labor were all part of mediaeval monastic life. A monk's first priority was prayer. Apart from prayer, monks did a variety of tasks such as medicine preparation, lettering, and reading. These monks would also tend to the gardens and farmland.
In the Middle Ages, monks and nuns provided many practical services, such as lodging for travelers, nursing the sick, and assisting the poor; abbots and abbesses provided advice to secular rulers.
Monasticism also provided society with a spiritual outlet and ideal, which had far-reaching implications for mediaeval culture as a whole.
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The ability to retry cases of lower courts is Appellate Jurisdiction. But for a same level court to re-open and examine a case is Secondary Jurisdiction.
