I think the first! not completely sure tho
Answer:
The Southern states passed a set of laws restricting the rights of blacks. These laws came to be known as the Jim Crow Laws. The laws were passed because most white Southerners were not willing to recognize rights to African Americans.
Explanation:
The Jim Crow Laws were state and local laws of the United States promulgated between 1876 and 1965. They represented a mandate for racial segregation in all public establishments in the southern states of the former Confederation, starting in 1890 with the status of "separate but equal" for African Americans. The separation led to a restoration of the conditions of African Americans, which tended to be lower than those set for white Americans, and to systematize a series of economic, educational and social disadvantages. The de jure segregation was mainly applied in the South. The segregation in the North was generally de facto, with segregation patterns in terms of housing forced into rental contracts, in bank lending practices and labor discrimination, including discriminatory trade union practices for decades.
John Adams was from 1789 to 1797
<u>Answer</u>:
B) state government officials in the United States.
<u>Explanation</u>:
This was part of President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation about slavery on January 1, 1863.
HOPE this helps!! :)
<em>Marbury v. Madison</em> was significant because it asserted the Supreme Court's right of judicial review -- the ability to declare a law or executive action unconstitutional.
More detail:
- Judicial review refers to the courts' ability to review any law to see if it violates any existing law or any statute of a state constitution or the US Constitution. On the federal level, Marbury v. Madison (1803) is considered the landmark case for the Supreme Court asserting its authority of judicial review, to strike down a law as unconstitutional.
- It was sort of a roundabout way in which the principle of judicial review was asserted by the Supreme Court in the case of Marbury v. Madison. William Marbury had been appointed Justice of the Peace for the District of Columbia by outgoing president John Adams -- one of a number of such last-minute appointments made by Adams. When Thomas Jefferson came into office as president, he directed his Secretary of State, James Madison, not to deliver many of the commission papers for appointees such as Marbury. Marbury petitioned the Supreme Court directly to hear his case, as a provision of the Judiciary Act of 1789 had made possible. The Court said that particular provision of the Judiciary Act was in conflict with Article III of the Constitution, and so they could not issue a specific ruling in Marbury's case (which they believe he should have won). Nevertheless, in making their statement about the case, the Court established the principle of judicial review.
