<span>More than 50</span>. There are more than 7000 chemicals in cigarette smoke, 250 of which are known to be detrimental to health and 69 chemicals are carcinogenic (can cause cancer). Some of the carcinogenic chemicals in cigarette smoke are: Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Formaldehyde and Nickel.
During infection with Listeria, an intracellular bacterium, APCs will present antigen on MHC II molecules and triggers a phagocytic property by stimulating the release of macrophages.
What is the role of macrophages in Phagosomes?
Phagosome maturation was formerly regarded to be a very simple notion that described how much phagosomes had united with lysosomes.
- Unfortunately, this assumption is no longer valid because phagosomes are now known to interact with a variety of intracellular organelles during their maturation process.
- Proteins, such as the NADPH oxidase complex that creates the superoxide burst, may be seen being assembled on the phagocytic cup even before they are fully formed.
- When the phagosome closes and the maturation process begins, it becomes increasingly acidic and hydrolytically active, and it transiently fuses with the recycling endosomal system, the secretory system, including secretory lysosomes, multi-vesicular bodies such as the MHC class II (MIIC) compartment, and even the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Explanation:
The quantity of energy decreases down each trophic level as only 10% of the energy at the upper level is transferred to the next level, the remaining 90% is lost as heat during metabolic process. Through the energy pyramid we can explain how energy is lost at each trophic level, the number of consumer at each trophic level that will benefit from the transfer of energy depends on the size and quality of the energy from the autotrophs
Answer:
B
Explanation:
DNA is made first, which the makes it's counterpart RNA, which makes protein because that's it's job.
The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.
