Cause and effect is showing the relation to what the aftermath is of everything someone does while problem and solution is showing how you fix a posed problem. Cause and effect always has the words therefor or so, look for hose clues
The links are viruses i think
Primarily is the transition that shows the most importance.
Older people are less susceptible to conformity because they've most likely been in conformity for a majority of their lives (older generations had less freedom) and they don't want to go through that again.