It is D, because if you saw a simple sentence that said, "They rule the earthly world of men together," you wouldn't know who "They" are. That is why it is dependent, because it is depending on the rest of the paragraph to do its part first. :D
The answer is Where? When? How?
1. Who is your favorite sportsperson
2. How often do you go cycling
3. What are you doing now
It comes from the Spanish word that ends in 'Mente' are adverbs.
