1. The answer is A. "would encourage" Is the phrase. Encourage is a main action verb. And would is the helping verb.
The answer is A) description because the teacher is describing the exact consequence for the exact behaviour. We can see that she has little time for nonsense and for misbehaviour and that she is strict and doles out punishments. While we can see this through actual dialogue it is not dialogue that characterizes the teacher. Pacing is used to see how fast or slow the story progresses and reflection is looking back on a story.
B to illustrate how powerful and important compassion and generosity are and how they can come from unexpected places