It would be the term "c. inflation" that refers to an economic situation where the large amount of money in circulation creates continuous pressure to raise prices, since the value of the money actually decreases.
Many Americans were exposed to the ideas of the federalists by the "Federalist Papers".
Gandhi was unhappy because when the British granted India her independence, the Indian Independence Act of 1947 partitioned British India into two: India and Pakistan. His vision of a free India was a harmonious co-existence of the Hindus and Muslims in one nation.