Answer:
Constitutive activation is the alteration of a protein or signaling pathway such that it is functional or engaged even in the absence of an upstream activating event. For example, RasD is constitutively active because it cannot bind GAP and therefore remains in the GTP-bound, active state even when cells are not stimulated by growth factor to activate a receptor tyrosine kinase.
Constitutively active Ras is cancer promoting because cells will proliferate in the absence of growth factors, and thus normal regulatory mechanisms for cell proliferation are bypassed.
(a) A mutation that resulted in Smad3 binding Smad4, entering the nucleus, and activating transcription independent of phosphorylation by the TGFβ receptor would render Smad3 constitutively active.
(b) A mutation that made MAPK active as a kinase and able to enter the nucleus without being phosphorylated by MEK would render MAPK constitutively active.
(c) A mutation that prevented NF-KB from binding to IK-B or that allowed NF-KB to enter the nucleus and regulate transcription even when bound to IK-B would render NF-KB constitutively active.
The given boundaries are convergent- North America and the Pacific, shearing force, destroys, slab-pull while second one divergent- mid Atlantic ridge, tension force, created, slab-push.
<h3>What are plate tectonic boundaries?</h3>
A plate boundary is a three-dimensional surface where the velocity (speed or direction) of one lithospheric plate relative to the adjacent lithospheric plate changes significantly.
The missing image is attached
The given boundaries are convergent- North America and the Pacific, shearing force, destroys, slab-pull while second one divergent- mid Atlantic ridge, tension force, created, slab-push.
Thus, these can fill in the table with information about the different types of boundaries.
For more details regarding plate tectonic boundaries, visit:
brainly.com/question/15115188
#SPJ1
Contain circular pieces of DNA concentrated within a nucleoid. Some contain plasmids, which can<span> be shared with other </span>prokaryotes<span>. </span>Eukaryotes<span> contain </span>their<span> genetic material in chromosomes within a nucleus. ... </span>Prokaryotes<span> are therefore able to lack membrane-bound organelles and have less complex internal </span>structure<span>.</span>
Answer:certain ear shapes help the goats survive and reproduce I think. Not 100%
Explanation:
