This part of the excerpt seems to be correct as it reveals that the diet alone is responsible for his ninth birthday: "It had plenty of room to expand, thanks to the spare diet of the establishment; and perhaps to this circumstance may be attributed his having any ninth birth-day at all."
The correct answer is:
This is an example of the writer telling through description rather than showing through dialogue.
Sometimes writers like to explain explicitely what's happening instead of adding dialogues of the situations., which is the case in this passage,
There are many ways of seeing this, inlcluding that the whole sentence is the verbal phrase!
but minimally, it's
<span>Shouldn't have gone </span>- these definitely have to be in the verb phrase (C is the correct option)