The Space Race was the name given
The Vietnam War. The USA became involved in Vietnam because it feared the spread of communism. The USA were unable to defeat the Vietcong and were met with growing opposition to the war back home.
Laissez-faire quite literally means 'let it be'. The principle of laissez-faire economics, for instance, states that business and trade should be free of government intervention.
busing, which is also busing desegregation, is transporting students to schools that are in or outside their local school districts to deal with racial segregation.